Month: September 2024

September 30

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , ,

Who was the subject of an advertisement in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Connecticut Journal (September 30, 1774).

“Yesterday let himself to me a lusty negro man … speaks the Portuguese language.”

At the end of September 1774, Jesse Leavenworth placed an advertisement in the Connecticut Journal and New-Haven Post-Boy to give directions for finding and hiring “the ferryman … in the east side of the New Ferry” since there had recently been some confusion that caused frustration, inconvenience, and delays.  In addition, he briefly noted, “Yesterday let himself to me a lusty negro man, about 23 or 24 years old, speaks the Portuguese language, and but little English.”  In other words, Leavenworth had hired a Black man, yet he had concerns about whether that man was free to make contracts for his labor or had seized his liberty by running away from an enslaver.  In the absence of evidence that the Black man was indeed a fugitive seeking freedom, Leavenworth hired him, yet he also alerted the public in case anyone had more information or was looking for a young Black man who spoke Portuguese an not much English.

The public prints facilitated that sort of surveillance and oversight of Black people in early America, even in Connecticut and other colonies in New England.  Elsewhere in the same issue of the Connecticut Journal, William Smith ran an advertisement that described “a MOLATTO SLAVE, half Negro and half Indian, named DICK” who “RANAWAY from … the South Side of Long-Island” in late August.  Dick did not depart alone.  An “INDIAN FELLOW, named JOE,” accompanied him, fleeing from Nathaniel Woodhull, though Smith did not specify if Joe was indentured or enslaved.  Apparently, he was not free because Smith offered a reward to anyone who “secures him or them in any of his Majesty’s Gaols, or shall bring one or both of them to their Masters.”

Leavenworth could have taken similar action, delivering the unnamed Black man to the jail in New Haven and placing an advertisement for his enslaver to claim him.  Such advertisements appeared with regularity, most often in southern colonies and occasionally in New England.  They demonstrated the precariousness of living their everyday lives that Black people, including free Black men and women, faced since they could be imprisoned solely on the suspicion that they might be enslaved people who escaped from their enslavers.  Although Leavenworth chose to hire rather than imprison the young Black man who spoke Portuguese, his simultaneous decision to make an announcement in the newspaper also testified to the level of suspicion that Black people encountered as well as how colonizers used the power of the press to regulate them.

Slavery Advertisements Published September 30, 1774

Carl Robert Keyes Slavery Adverts 250 Project

The Slavery Adverts 250 Project chronicles the role of newspaper advertising in perpetuating slavery in the era of the American Revolution. The project seeks to reveal the ubiquity of slavery in eighteenth-century life from New England to Georgia by republishing advertisements about enslaved people – for sale as individuals or in groups, wanted to purchase or for hire for short periods, runaways who liberated themselves, and those who were subsequently captured and confined in jails and workhouses – in daily digests on this site as well as in real time via the @SlaveAdverts250 Twitter feed, utilizing twenty-first-century media to stand in for the print media of the eighteenth century.

The project aims to provide modern audiences with a sense of just how often colonizers encountered these advertisements in their daily lives. Enslaved men, women, and children appeared in print somewhere in the colonies almost every single day. Those advertisements served as a constant backdrop for social, cultural, economic, and political life in colonial and revolutionary America. Colonizers who did not purport to own enslaved people were still confronted with slavery as well as invited to maintain the system by purchasing enslaved men, women, and children or assisting in the capture of so-called “runaways” who sought to free themselves from bondage. The frequency of these newspaper advertisements suggests just how embedded slavery was in colonial and revolutionary American culture in everyday interactions beyond the printed page.

These advertisements also testify to the experiences of enslaved men, women, and children, though readers must consider that those experiences have been remediated through descriptions offered by enslavers rather than enslaved people themselves. Often unnamed in the advertisements, enslaved men, women, and children were not invisible or unimportant in early America.

These advertisements appeared in colonial American newspapers 250 years ago today.

Connecticut Journal (September 30, 1774).

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Connecticut Journal (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

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South-Carolina and American General Gazette (September 30, 1774).

September 29

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Maryland Gazette (September 29, 1774).

“It is probable a non-importation agreement may be soon entered into by the colonies.”

In the fall of 1774, John Boyd advertised the “DRUGS and MEDICINES” available at “his medicinal store in Baltimore” in both the Maryland Gazette, published in Annapolis, and the Maryland Journal, published in Baltimore.  The latter was still so new that the apothecary realized many of his prospective customers still relied on the former as their local newspaper.  He reported that he just imported a “fresh and very general assortment” of patent medicines, “perfumery and grocery” items, spices, and medical equipment.

Boyd also leveraged current events in hopes of moving his merchandise.  At that moment, the First Continental Congress was meeting in Philadelphia, deliberating over responses to the Coercive Acts passed after the Boston Tea Party.  He reminded readers that “it is probable a non-importation agreement may be soon entered into by the colonies” and when that happened “our intercourse with Great Britain must of course be much interrupted, and regular supplies of goods from thence, not so easily obtained as hitherto.”  That being the case, he advised doctors, his “physical friends,” and his other customers to “supply themselves before my present stock is exhausted.”  In other words, they needed to make purchases while the items they needed or wanted were still available.  A boycott would result in scarcity and, eventually, empty shelves, storerooms, and warehouses.  Boyd was not the only entrepreneur making that argument.  In Charleston, Samuel Gordon recommended to “the Ladies” that they needed to buy his textiles, accessories, and housewares while supplies lasted because “a Non-importation Agreement will undoubtedly take Place here.”  Boyd’s advertisement made clear that it was not solely “the Ladies” who needed to worry about politics causing disruptions in the marketplace.

He vowed to do what he could to limit the effects, stating that he would “continue my importations by every opportunity,” though he carefully clarified that he would do so “conformable to any general restrictions that may take place.”  He would continue accepting shipments for as long as possible, replenishing his stock to ward off scarcity, yet there would come a time that he would have to yield to whatever agreement colonizers adopted.  His advertisement preemptively suggested to prospective customers that they should check with him when they discovered that other apothecaries no longer stocked their usual wares.  Colonizers had experienced nonimportation twice in the past decade, first in response to the Stamp Act and later in response to the duties on certain imported goods in the Townshend Acts.  Savvy entrepreneurs like Boyd reminded them how to prepare for what looked to be inevitable disruptions.

Slavery Advertisements Published September 29, 1774

Carl Robert Keyes Slavery Adverts 250 Project

The Slavery Adverts 250 Project chronicles the role of newspaper advertising in perpetuating slavery in the era of the American Revolution. The project seeks to reveal the ubiquity of slavery in eighteenth-century life from New England to Georgia by republishing advertisements about enslaved people – for sale as individuals or in groups, wanted to purchase or for hire for short periods, runaways who liberated themselves, and those who were subsequently captured and confined in jails and workhouses – in daily digests on this site as well as in real time via the @SlaveAdverts250 Twitter feed, utilizing twenty-first-century media to stand in for the print media of the eighteenth century.

The project aims to provide modern audiences with a sense of just how often colonizers encountered these advertisements in their daily lives. Enslaved men, women, and children appeared in print somewhere in the colonies almost every single day. Those advertisements served as a constant backdrop for social, cultural, economic, and political life in colonial and revolutionary America. Colonizers who did not purport to own enslaved people were still confronted with slavery as well as invited to maintain the system by purchasing enslaved men, women, and children or assisting in the capture of so-called “runaways” who sought to free themselves from bondage. The frequency of these newspaper advertisements suggests just how embedded slavery was in colonial and revolutionary American culture in everyday interactions beyond the printed page.

These advertisements also testify to the experiences of enslaved men, women, and children, though readers must consider that those experiences have been remediated through descriptions offered by enslavers rather than enslaved people themselves. Often unnamed in the advertisements, enslaved men, women, and children were not invisible or unimportant in early America.

These advertisements appeared in colonial American newspapers 250 years ago today.

Maryland Gazette (September 29, 1774).

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Maryland Gazette (September 29, 1774).

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Maryland Gazette (September 29, 1774).

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Maryland Gazette (September 29, 1774).

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Maryland Gazette (September 29, 1774).

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Maryland Gazette (September 29, 1774).

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Supplement to the New-York Journal (September 29, 1774).

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Rivington’s New-York Gazetteer (September 29, 1774).

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Rivington’s New-York Gazetteer (September 29, 1774).

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Rivington’s New-York Gazetteer (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Pinkney] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Pinkney] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Pinkney] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

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Virginia Gazette [Purdie and Dixon] (September 29, 1774).

September 28

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Pennsylvania Gazette (September 28, 1774).

“Goods purchased, delivered to any part of the city.”

As fall arrived in 1774, Samuel Garrigues, Jr., placed a brief advertisement in the Pennsylvania Gazette to remind readers that he sold a variety of imported goods “as usual at his warehouses, the third door from the London Coffee-house” in Philadelphia.  He supplemented that notice with a longer advertisement informing the public that he and his partners, doing business as Samuel Garrigues, Jr., and Company, just opened a “wet goods warehouse” right next door at “the 4th door from the London Coffee-house.”  There they stocked “Choice old Antigua rum,” “old Jamaica spirits, and West India rum,” “old Madeira wine,” “brandy and geneva,” as well as sugar, spices, snuff, coffee, chocolate, and “every other article common to the wet goods business.”  The inventory curiously included “excellent bohea and hyson tea” despite the controversy associated with that commodity.

In addition to listing the merchandise, Garrigues and Company sought to entice prospective customers by explaining that they had “an opportunity of procuring every article in their business of the first quality, and at the lowest prices,” suggesting that they would pass along the savings while also assuring consumers that they did not need to be wary of such bargains meaning inferior goods.  They pledged to make it their “constant study … to merit the kind custom of their friends in town or country” by “carefully attend[ing] to orders” and “immediately execut[ing]” them.  The partnership promised superior customer service.  They also offered a valuable service, delivering purchases “to any part of the city,” whether just a gallon or quart or an entire hogshead or pipe.  They hoped that ancillary service, provided gratis, would sway customers to shop with them to take advantage of both the convenience and the cost.  Eighteenth-century entrepreneurs sometimes experimented with free services as marketing strategies to convince consumers to choose them over their competitors.  For Garrigues and Company, doing so was one aspect of their “constant study” in serving their customers.

Slavery Advertisements Published September 28, 1774

Carl Robert Keyes Slavery Adverts 250 Project

The Slavery Adverts 250 Project chronicles the role of newspaper advertising in perpetuating slavery in the era of the American Revolution. The project seeks to reveal the ubiquity of slavery in eighteenth-century life from New England to Georgia by republishing advertisements about enslaved people – for sale as individuals or in groups, wanted to purchase or for hire for short periods, runaways who liberated themselves, and those who were subsequently captured and confined in jails and workhouses – in daily digests on this site as well as in real time via the @SlaveAdverts250 Twitter feed, utilizing twenty-first-century media to stand in for the print media of the eighteenth century.

The project aims to provide modern audiences with a sense of just how often colonizers encountered these advertisements in their daily lives. Enslaved men, women, and children appeared in print somewhere in the colonies almost every single day. Those advertisements served as a constant backdrop for social, cultural, economic, and political life in colonial and revolutionary America. Colonizers who did not purport to own enslaved people were still confronted with slavery as well as invited to maintain the system by purchasing enslaved men, women, and children or assisting in the capture of so-called “runaways” who sought to free themselves from bondage. The frequency of these newspaper advertisements suggests just how embedded slavery was in colonial and revolutionary American culture in everyday interactions beyond the printed page.

These advertisements also testify to the experiences of enslaved men, women, and children, though readers must consider that those experiences have been remediated through descriptions offered by enslavers rather than enslaved people themselves. Often unnamed in the advertisements, enslaved men, women, and children were not invisible or unimportant in early America.

These advertisements appeared in colonial American newspapers 250 years ago today.

Essex Journal (September 28, 1774).

September 27

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

“HOME-SPUN, A Quantity wanted.”

In so many ways, James McCall’s advertisement appeared as a stark contrast compared to others in the September 27, 1774, edition of the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal.  In just three lines, it proclaimed, “HOME-SPUN, A Quantity wanted. – Enquire of JAMES McCALL, at his Store in Tradd-street.”  The word “HOME-SPUN” in all capitals in a significantly larger font occupied a line on its own, calling attention to the commodity that McCall sought.  He referred to linen and wool textiles produced in the colonies as an alternative to imported fabrics.  Spinning, a domestic chore undertaken by women, took on political significance when colonizers enacted nonimportation agreements in response to the duties imposed in the Townshend Acts in the late 1760s.  The homespun cloth that resulted from their efforts became a visible symbol of support for the Patriot cause.  McCall did not need to elaborate on the political principles associated with homespun when he placed his advertisement seeking a quantity of it.  In other advertisements, he had previously demonstrated that how well he understood consumer politics.

Elsewhere in the same issue of the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal, merchants who imported “fashionable” textiles from London and other English ports ran lengthy advertisements that listed and described their merchandise.  Edwards, Fisher, and Company, for instance, ran their notice about receiving “PART of their FALL GOODS.”  Mansell and Corbett inserted an even more lengthy advertisement that featured imported fabrics, emphasizing “the most fashionable colours” and “an entire new pattern,” as well as housewares.  Other advertisers were a bit more restrained in terms of length, but not their exuberance for imported textiles.  In addition to leading his list of merchandise with a “LARGE Assortment of printed Muslins, Linens, and Calicoes,” Z. Kingsley concluded with a nota bene that explained, “The printed Muslins and Linens, are all the newest Patterns.”  These merchants considered it necessary to offer assurances to prospective customers that their wares did indeed follow the latest styles, simultaneously emphasizing all the choices available to them.  Homespun cloth, on the other hand, turned fashion on its head.  What was the newest and the most sophisticated did not matter as much as the simple political message that producing, purchasing, and wearing homespun communicated during the imperial crisis.

Slavery Advertisements Published September 27, 1774

Carl Robert Keyes Slavery Adverts 250 Project

The Slavery Adverts 250 Project chronicles the role of newspaper advertising in perpetuating slavery in the era of the American Revolution. The project seeks to reveal the ubiquity of slavery in eighteenth-century life from New England to Georgia by republishing advertisements about enslaved people – for sale as individuals or in groups, wanted to purchase or for hire for short periods, runaways who liberated themselves, and those who were subsequently captured and confined in jails and workhouses – in daily digests on this site as well as in real time via the @SlaveAdverts250 Twitter feed, utilizing twenty-first-century media to stand in for the print media of the eighteenth century.

The project aims to provide modern audiences with a sense of just how often colonizers encountered these advertisements in their daily lives. Enslaved men, women, and children appeared in print somewhere in the colonies almost every single day. Those advertisements served as a constant backdrop for social, cultural, economic, and political life in colonial and revolutionary America. Colonizers who did not purport to own enslaved people were still confronted with slavery as well as invited to maintain the system by purchasing enslaved men, women, and children or assisting in the capture of so-called “runaways” who sought to free themselves from bondage. The frequency of these newspaper advertisements suggests just how embedded slavery was in colonial and revolutionary American culture in everyday interactions beyond the printed page.

These advertisements also testify to the experiences of enslaved men, women, and children, though readers must consider that those experiences have been remediated through descriptions offered by enslavers rather than enslaved people themselves. Often unnamed in the advertisements, enslaved men, women, and children were not invisible or unimportant in early America.

These advertisements appeared in colonial American newspapers 250 years ago today.

Essex Gazette (September 27, 1774).

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Essex Gazette (September 27, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette and Country Journal (September 27, 1774).

September 26

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Boston Evening-Post (September 26, 1774).

“NUMBER VII. of The Royal American Magazine.”

The Royal American Magazine experienced a disruption in publication during the summer of 1774.  In a notice in the June issue, Isaiah Thomas, the founder of the magazine, reported that the “Distresses of the Town of Boston” that resulted from the Boston Port Act forced him to suspend publication for a few months.  He hoped to resume once “the Affairs of this Country are a little better settled.”  Not long after making that announcement, however, he took to the pages of his own newspaper, the Massachusetts Spy, to inform subscribers and the public that he transferred the magazine to Joseph Greenleaf.  An address from Greenleaf appeared immediately below Thomas’s advertisement.  They were the latest entries in a marketing campaign that commenced when Thomas first revealed his intention to circulate subscription proposals in May 1773 and subsequent newspaper advertisements in June, July, August, September, October, November, and December 1773 and January, February, March, April, May, and June 1774.  The “Distresses” meant no newspaper advertisements for the magazine in July 1774, but they resumed with the notices from Thomas and Greenleaf in August.

Those notices each made four more appearances in September.  Not surprisingly, the Massachusetts Spy accounted for three of them.  For four weeks, Thomas used his own newspaper to advise subscribers and others of the change in publisher for the magazine.  The companion notices also ran once in the Boston Evening-Post on September 5.  Greenleaf’s address indicated that the July issue of the magazine “is now in the Press, and will be published without Delay.”  On September 15, the last day that they ran in the Massachusetts Spy, that newspaper also carried a new advertisement from Greenleaf, one that declared, “THIS DAY PUBLISHED … NUMBER VII. of The Royal American Magazine.”  The July issue finally became available in September!  Greenleaf’s advertisement was brief and restrained compared to many that Thomas had inserted.  It stated that the issue was “Embellished with an elegant Engraving,” but did not give a description or even a name for Paul Revere’s engraving of “Spanish Treatment at Carthagena,” nor did the advertisement incorporate an extensive list of the contents to entice readers.  Instead, it succinctly noted that the magazine was “Printed and Sold at GREENLEAF’S Printing-Office … where Subscriptions continue to be taken in.” The new publisher hoped to expand the magazine’s circulation despite a less ambitious advertising strategy than Thomas sometimes deployed.  The announcement about the July issue ran only once in the Massachusetts Spy.  It appeared in the Boston Evening-Post for the first time in its next edition four days later and again the following week.  Amid the “Distresses of the Town of Boston,” Greenleaf’s first issue of the Royal American Magazine had less fanfare than many of the issues that Thomas published.

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“To the Subscribers of the ROYAL AMERICAN MAGAZINE”

  • September 1 – Massachusetts Spy (second appearance)
  • September 5 – Boston Evening-Post (first appearance)
  • September 8 – Massachusetts Spy (third appearance)
  • September 15 – Massachusetts Spy (fourth appearance)

“To the PUBLIC, and in particular to the Subscribers”

  • September 1 – Massachusetts Spy (second appearance)
  • September 5 – Boston Evening-Post (first appearance)
  • September 8 – Massachusetts Spy (third appearance)
  • September 15 – Massachusetts Spy (fourth appearance)

“THIS DAY PUBLISHED … NUMBER VII”

  • September 15 – Massachusetts Spy (first appearance)
  • September 19 – Boston Evening-Post (first appearance)
  • September 26 – Boston Evening-Post (second appearance)

Slavery Advertisements Published September 26, 1774

Carl Robert Keyes Slavery Adverts 250 Project

The Slavery Adverts 250 Project chronicles the role of newspaper advertising in perpetuating slavery in the era of the American Revolution. The project seeks to reveal the ubiquity of slavery in eighteenth-century life from New England to Georgia by republishing advertisements about enslaved people – for sale as individuals or in groups, wanted to purchase or for hire for short periods, runaways who liberated themselves, and those who were subsequently captured and confined in jails and workhouses – in daily digests on this site as well as in real time via the @SlaveAdverts250 Twitter feed, utilizing twenty-first-century media to stand in for the print media of the eighteenth century.

The project aims to provide modern audiences with a sense of just how often colonizers encountered these advertisements in their daily lives. Enslaved men, women, and children appeared in print somewhere in the colonies almost every single day. Those advertisements served as a constant backdrop for social, cultural, economic, and political life in colonial and revolutionary America. Colonizers who did not purport to own enslaved people were still confronted with slavery as well as invited to maintain the system by purchasing enslaved men, women, and children or assisting in the capture of so-called “runaways” who sought to free themselves from bondage. The frequency of these newspaper advertisements suggests just how embedded slavery was in colonial and revolutionary American culture in everyday interactions beyond the printed page.

These advertisements also testify to the experiences of enslaved men, women, and children, though readers must consider that those experiences have been remediated through descriptions offered by enslavers rather than enslaved people themselves. Often unnamed in the advertisements, enslaved men, women, and children were not invisible or unimportant in early America.

These advertisements appeared in colonial American newspapers 250 years ago today.

Boston Evening-Post (September 26, 1774).

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Boston-Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Boston-Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Dunlap’s Pennsylvania Packet (September 26, 1774).

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Dunlap’s Pennsylvania Packet (September 26, 1774).

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Dunlap’s Pennsylvania Packet (September 26, 1774).

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Dunlap’s Pennsylvania Packet (September 26, 1774).

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Postscript to Dunlap’s Pennsylvania Packet (September 26, 1774).

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Newport Mercury (September 26, 1774).

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New-York Gazette and Weekly Mercury Mercury (September 26, 1774).

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New-York Gazette and Weekly Mercury Mercury (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).

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Supplement to the South-Carolina Gazette (September 26, 1774).