Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings of the American Continental Congress

July 7

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , , , ,

What was advertised in a revolutionary American newspaper 250 years ago today?

North-Carolina Gazette (July 7, 1775).

“EXTRACTS from the Votes and Proceedings of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.”

When they perused the July 7, 1775, edition of the North-Carolina Gazette, readers encountered an advertisement that proclaimed, “JUST PUBLISHED, And to be sold at the Printing Office … EXTRACTS from the Votes and Proceedings of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, held at Philadelphia, on the Fifth Day of September, 1774.”  The Extracts, however, were not “JUST PUBLISHED,” though James Davis certainly had them for sale at the printing office in New Bern.  The Adverts 250 Project previously featured this advertisement’s appearance in the April 7, 1775, edition of the North-Carolina Gazette.  Few issues of that newspaper survive, preventing a complete reconstruction of when the advertisement ran.  Only seven issues, all from 1775, are available via America’s Historical Newspapers, the most comprehensive database of digitized eighteenth-century newspaper.  Davis’s advertisement for the Extracts did not run on March 24, but appeared on April 7, May 5, and May 12.  It was not in the June 30 issue, yet it returned for the July 7 and July 14 issues.

It is not clear how often the advertisement ran between May 12 and June 30, but Davis did not insert it in the issue immediately before the one that delivered several important updates that might have influenced him to believe that readers who had not yet purchased the Extracts would have increased interest in the “Bill of Rights, a List of Grievance, Occasional Resolves,” and “General Gage’s Answer to the Letter sent him by the General Congress.”  The Extractsdocumented the meeting of the First Continental Congress in the fall of 1774.  When the advertisement ran on July 7, 1775, the Second Continental Congress had been meeting for nearly two months.  That issue included an update that “By Letters from the Congress of the 19th of June, we are informed, that Col. Washington, of Virginia, is appointed General and Commander in Chief of all the American Forces.”  It also delivered news of the Battle of Bunker Hill, acknowledging that the account received in the printing office was “very imperfect, and must leave us in Suspence till a further Account of this most momentous Affair arrives.”  Indeed, that “imperfect” account inaccurately claimed that “General Burgoyne fell … and was interred in Boston with great Funeral Pomp.”  As he sorted through newspapers and letters arriving from the north, Davis apparently believed that the news he selected for publication would spark new interest in his remaining copies of the Extracts from the First Continental Congress.

As had been the case in the April 7 edition, that advertisement ran alongside another that described an enslaved man who liberated himself by running away from his enslaver.  In this instance, “a Negro Slave … named JEM,” was a fugitive from slavery who might have been “harboured or kept out by his Wife, named Rachel.”  James Biggleston, Jem’s enslaver, suspected that Jem was “lurking in the Neighborhood” of the plantation where Rachel was enslaved. Biggleston offered a reward for the capture and return of Jem in a nota bene at the end of the advertisement, though the main body of the notice consisted of a warrant signed by “Two of his Majesty’s Justices of the Peace” that authorized that “if the said Jem doth not surrender himself, and return home immediately … that any Person or Persons may kill and destroy the said Slave … without Impeachment or Accusation of any Crime or Offence … or without incurring any Penalty.”  Most readers of the North-Carolina Gazette and other newspapers compartmentalized the contents of those publications.  They did so to such an extent that the juxtaposition of colonizers demanding freedom from oppression and enslaved people seeking liberty did not register as a contradiction.

April 9

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago this week?

North Carolina Gazette (April 7, 1775).

“EXTRACTS from the Votes and Proceedings of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.”

The North-Carolina Gazette, published by James Davis in New Bern from May 1768 through November 1778, with some interruptions, only made its first appearance in the Adverts 250 Project a couple of weeks ago because extant copies are so rare that few have been digitized and made more broadly accessible to scholars.  America’s Historical Newspapers, the most comprehensive database of digitized eighteenth-century newspapers, includes only seven issues of the North-Carolina Gazette, all of them from 1775.  Other databases do not include any.

As a result, the April 7 edition is the second issue of the North-Carolina Gazette available for inclusion in the Adverts 250 Project and the Slavery Adverts 250 Project.  The first two advertisements in that issue drew my attention.  The first described and offered a reward for “a Slave of the Indian Blood, named CHARLES” who liberated himself by running away from his enslaver.  Charles’s story of resistance has been compiled with other advertisements about enslaved men, women, and children published in American newspapers on April 7, 1775, as part of the Slavery Adverts 250 Project.

The second promoted “EXTRACTS from the Votes and Proceedings of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, held at Philadelphia” in September and October 1774.  The Adverts 250 Project has traced the publication and marketing of the Extracts, starting with William Bradford and Thomas Bradford’s edition in Philadelphia and continuing with local editions published in many other towns.  This advertisement confirms that Davis sold the Extracts.

Did he print a local edition?  Or did he sell copies that he received from another printer?  The formulaic language in the advertisement — “JUST PUBLISHED, And to be sold at the Printing Office, in Newbern” — does not definitively answer those questions.  The phrase “JUST PUBLISHED,” for instance, merely meant that a book, pamphlet, or almanac was available.  When an advertisement first ran, “JUST PUBLISHED” meant that it had been published recently, but printers and booksellers sometimes ran advertisements for weeks or months without updating them.  They did not consider setting type once again worth investing their time or attention.  Eighteenth-century readers understood that “JUST PUBLISHED” did not always mean that the item was hot off the presses.  Similarly, they separated “JUST PUBLISHED” and “to be sold at the Printing Office,” realizing that printers often peddled books, pamphlets, and almanacs “JUST PUBLISHED” by other printers.

This language suggests that Davis may or may not have printed the edition of the Extracts that he advertised.  Some bibliographers, however, have trusted advertisements in the North-Carolina Gazette as sufficient proof that he did publish a local edition.  In “James Davis: North Carolina’s First Printer,” a thesis submitted to the School of Information and Library Science of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Scott Aaron Reavis includes the Extracts among works printed on Davis’s press.  He notes, “No copies are known to exist, however, it was advertised for sale in the North Carolina Gazette, 24 February 1775.”[1]  By the time the subsequent advertisement ran in the April 7 edition, the Extracts were “JUST PUBLISHED” indeed!  Charles Evans did not list Davis’s New Bern edition in American Bibliography: A Chronological Dictionary of All Books, Pamphlets, and Periodical Publications Printed in the United States of America from the Genesis of Printing in 1639 Down to and Including the Year 1820, but, according to Reavis, Douglas C. McMurtie included the Extracts in his “Bibliography of North Carolina Imprints.”[2]  Given how many printers published local editions of the Extracts, I am inclined to agree with McMurtie and Reavis that Davis did as well.  I disagree, however, with the date assigned to the work.  Davis’s edition has been dated to 1775 based on an advertisement in one of the few extant issues of the North-Carolina Gazette.  More likely, if Davis published the Extracts then he did so in November or December 1774, the same time that printers in other towns produced local editions, and occasionally inserted his advertisement that he had “JUST PUBLISHED” and sold the volume at his printing office several times over the next several months.

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[1] Scott Aaron Reavis, “James Davis: North Carolina’s First Printer” (master’s thesis, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2000), 44.

[2] Reavis, “James Davis,” 28.

November 25

Carl Robert Keyes Uncategorized , , , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

South-Carolina and American General Gazette (November 25, 1774).

“EXTRACTS from the VOTES and PROCEEDINGS of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.”

As soon as the First Continental Congress adjourned near the end of October 1774, printers set about publishing, advertising, and selling “EXTRACTS from the VOTES and PROCEEDINGS of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, held at Philadelphia.”  William Bradford and Thomas Bradford, printers of the Pennsylvania Journal, were the first to advertise this political pamphlet, but other printers soon advertised that they produced local editions in their own towns, helping to disseminate the news far and wide.  Conveniently packaging “The BILL of RIGHTS, A List of GRIEVANCES, Occasional RESOLVES, The ASSOCIATION, An ADDRESS to the PEOPLE of GREAT-BRITAIN, and A MEMORIAL to the INHABITANTS of the BRITISH AMERICAN COLONIES” in one volume, this pamphlet supplemented coverage in newspapers.  Its format allowed for easier reference than saving and scouring issue after issue of newspapers that relayed some but not all the contents of the Extracts.  The pamphlet met with such demand that some printers quickly printed second editions.  In the November 24 edition of the Norwich Packet, for instance, Alexander Robertson, James Robertson, and John Trumbull advertised the “second Norwich EDITION” of the Extracts.

The Adverts 250 Project has examined the publication and dissemination of the Extracts in Pennsylvania, the neighboring colonies of Maryland and New York, and multiple towns in New England.  It took a little longer for printers in southern colonies to publish the pamphlet, but within a month of the First Continental Congress finishing its business Robert Wells, the printer of the South-Carolina and American General Gazette, advised readers that they could purchase the Extracts at his “GREAT STATIONARY & BOOK STORE.”  Unlike other printers who ran separate advertisements for the pamphlet, Wells included it among a list of half a dozen titles he sold.  He gave it a privileged place, first on the list, acknowledging its importance and likely interest among readers.  The other items included a couple of novels and a history of Ireland, but Wells concluded the list with “OBSERVATIONS on the Act of Parliament commonly called The Boston Port Bill, With Thoughts on Civil Society and Standing Armies.  By JOSIAH QUINCY, junior, Esq.”  Among the many volumes available at his bookstore, Wells chose to emphasize two concerning current events as the imperial crisis intensified.  Like so many other printers, he marketed items that supplemented the news he published in his newspaper.

November 19

Carl Robert Keyes Uncategorized , , ,

What kinds of principles were expressed in advertisements in colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Providence Gazette (November 19, 1774).

“VOTES and PROCEEDINGS of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.”

“RUN away … a Negro Man, named Prince.”

The press was a powerful engine for promoting freedom and rallying colonizers to resist abuses perpetrated by Parliament and, eventually, declare independence from Britain during the era of the American Revolution, yet it simultaneously aided in perpetuating the enslavement of Black and Indigenous people by publishing advertisements offering enslaved people for sale or offering rewards for the capture and return of those who liberated themselves by running away from their enslavers.  The juxtaposition of liberty and slavery in colonial newspapers was common, as Jordan E. Taylor has demonstrated in “Enquire of the Printer: Newspaper Advertising and the Moral Economy of the North American Slave Trade, 1704-1807.”  Among the most stark examples he identifies, Solomon Southwick, the printer of the Newport Mercury, published the Declaration of Independence and an advertisement for a “NEGRO BOY” on July 18, 1776.[1]

Providence Gazette (November 19, 1774).

In addition to news and editorials advocating for liberty while advertisements perpetuated slavery, sometimes other advertisements also stood in such contrast.  On November 19, 1774, for instance, John Carter, the printer of the Providence Gazette, inserted advertisements for “EXTRACTS From the VOTES and PROCEEDINGS of the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS” and “ENGLISH LIBERTIES, OR, The free-born Subject’s INHERITANCE” in the same issue that carried an advertisement that described “a Negro Man, named Prince” who had liberated himself by running away from Thomas Wood earlier in the month.  The Adverts 250 Project has noted the publication and dissemination of the Extracts in several towns in the fall of 1774.  The Providence Gazette certainly was not the only newspaper that advertised this important political pamphlet while simultaneously running notices about enslaved people.  On November 2, William Bradford and Thomas Bradford, printers of the Pennsylvania Journal, were the first to announce that they published the Extracts.  In the same issue they ran two advertisements that sought to capture fugitives seeking freedom, one about “a Negro Man named CAESAR” and another an unnamed “NEGRO MAN” who “speaks Low Dutch.”  Almost all the newspapers carrying advertisements for the Extracts that the Adverts 250 Project has featured so far ran them alongside advertisements about enslaved people.  The juxtaposition of liberty and enslavement in revolutionary print culture that Taylor identifies was not merely incidental or occasional.  It occurred consistently, even in newspapers published in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania.

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[1] Jordan E. Taylor, “Enquire of the Printer: Newspaper Advertising and the Moral Economy of the North American Slave Trade, 1704-1807,” Early American Studies 18, no. 3 (Summer 2020): 313-4.

November 14

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

New-York Gazette and Weekly Mercury (November 14, 1774).

“The great Demand for the Proceedings of the Continental Congress, has caused a second Edition to be printed.”

Hot off the press and flying off the shelf!  Hugh Gaine, the printer of the New-York Gazette and Weekly Mercury, reported a high level of public interest in the Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings of the American Continental Congress.  On November 14, 1774, he took the unusual measure of inserting an advertisement among the news to inform readers that the “great Demand for the Proceedings of the Continental Congress, has caused a second Edition to be printed; — which is this Day published, and sold by Hugh Gaine, in Hanover-Square.”  Although news and advertisements often appeared next to each other in colonial newspapers, printers did not ordinarily intersperse advertisements and news.  That made it noteworthy that Gaine’s advertisement appeared below local news from New York and above shipping news from the custom house.

Although Gaine published and sold a “second Edition” of the Extracts, he was not responsible for the first edition printed in New York.  On November 3, John Holt, the printer of the New-York Journal, ran a notice advising of “THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, With their Letter to the People of QUEBEC, To be sold by the Printer.”  Unlike an advertisement for a Philadelphia edition in the Pennsylvania Journal the previous day, Holt’s notice did not list the contents.  He apparently considered the meeting of the First Continental Congress sufficient recommendation for marketing a pamphlet that gave an overview of the decisions made by the delegates.  He ran the same advertisement, without update, a week later.  Not long after that, Gaine advertised a “second Edition” that seems to have been a competing edition.  He had not previously advertised the Extracts in the New-York Gazette and Weekly Mercury, suggesting that he had witnessed the popularity of Holt’s edition and decided to generate revenue by printing and selling his own edition.  The political pamphlet had not necessarily sold out, as Gaine’s advertisement suggested, but instead a second printer entered the market.  In his History of Printing in America (1810), patriot printer Isaiah Thomas remarked that “Gaine’s political creed, it seems, was to join the strongest party.”[1]  Gaine may not have held to any political principles as strongly as Holt, who had incorporated the “Unite or Die” political cartoon into the masthead of his newspaper, yet his actions did serve the purposes of the First Continental Congress.  The delegates had ordered the publication of the Extracts.  Disseminating that political pamphlet did not require sincere belief on the part of Gaine or any other printer, though most who published and marketed it did tend to vocally support the American cause throughout the imperial crisis.

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[1] Isaiah Thomas, The History of Printing in America: With a Biography of Printers and an Account of Newspapers (1810; New York: Weathervane Books, 1970), 472.

November 13

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago this week?

Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter (November 10, 1774).

“*** The Votes and Proceedings of the Grand American Continental CONGRESS.”

Just over a week after William Bradford and Thomas Bradford first advertised their Philadelphia edition of Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings of the American Continental Congress in the Pennsylvania Journal, printers in Boston ran advertisements advising the public that they published and sold their own local editions.  Those notices first appeared in the Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter and the Massachusetts Spy on November 10, 1774.  Readers could choose between two editions published in Boston.

Thomas Fleet and John Fleet, the printers of the Boston Evening-Post, and the Benjamin Edes and John Gill, the printers of the Boston-Gazette, partnered in publishing one of those editions.  Their advertisements in both the Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter and the Massachusetts Spy followed a familiar format for notices about books, pamphlets, almanacs, and other printed items.  A headline proclaimed, “This Day is Published,” followed by a secondary headline that listed the names of the printers.  The body of the advertisement consisted of the title of the pamphlet and a list of its contents.

Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter (November 10, 1774).

Nathaniel Mills and John Hicks, the printers of the Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Post-Boy, worked with fellow printer John Boyle as well booksellers Edward Cox and Edward Berry to publish and sell another Boston edition of the Extracts of the First Continental Congress.  That meant that the printers of all five newspapers published in Boston in 1774 participated either in publishing or advertising that important political pamphlet that informed the public about the decisions made by the delegates in Philadelphia.

The advertisement for this edition in the Massachusetts Spy followed the same format as the notice about the other edition, though the secondary headline gave only the names of Mills and Hicks and Boyle.  The notice in the Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter, on the other hand, looked more like a news update, especially since it appeared immediately to the left of a report that “Last Evening arrived in Town form the GRAND CONGRESS, the Hon. Thomas Cushing, Esq; John Adams, Esq; Mr. Samuel Adams, and Robert Treat Paine, Esq; … on which Occasion, most of the Bells in Town were rung.”  With three asterisks to draw attention, the notice about the pamphlet started with the title, continued with the contents, and concluded with “sold by Cox and Berry, Mills and Hicks and John Boyle.”

Residents of Boston and nearby towns had ready access to the Extracts as soon as delegates returned from the meeting of the First Continental Congress.  They likely heard about the meetings through conversation and learned about it from reading newspapers, yet they could purchase an overview of the proceedings to examine in as much detail as often as they liked.

November 11

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Connecticut Journal (November 11, 1774).

“To be sold by the Printers hereof, And by Nathan Hicok, Post-Rider.”

Throughout the colonies, printers provided updates from the First Continental Congress during its meeting in September and October 1774.  After the delegates adjourned and traveled home, printers quickly set about publishing, advertising, distributing, and selling a pamphlet that included an overview of the “Votes & Proceedings” as well as “the Bill of Rights, a List of Grievances, occasional Resolves, the Association, an Address to the People of Great Britain, a Memorial to the Inhabitants of the British American Colonies, and an Address to the Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec.”  William Bradford and Thomas Bradford, printers of the Pennsylvania Journal, first made the pamphlet available in Philadelphia just a week after the meeting ended.  Other printers soon joined them, producing their own local editions.

That included Thomas Green and Samuel Green, the printers of the Connecticut Journal and New-Haven Post-Boy.  On November 4, they alerted readers that the “Proceedings of the Continental Congress will shortly be ready for sale at the Printing Office.”  A week later, they ran a new advertisement, this time announcing that they sold the pamphlet.  Yet customers did not have to visit the printing office or send an order to acquire copies because the Greens enlisted Nathan Hicok, a post rider, in selling as well as delivering the “Votes & Proceedings” to colonizers seeking to keep informed beyond the coverage in newspapers.  It was not the first time that the Greens designated Hicok as one of their agents for disseminating printed items that supported the patriot cause.  On September 30, 1774, they advertised “The celebrated SPEECH, of the Bishop of St. Asaph, on the Bill for altering the Charter of the Colony of Massachusetts-Bay.  To be sold by the Printers, and Nathan Hicok, jun.”  Advertisements in several newspapers demonstrate that several post riders became partners with printers in marketing and selling political pamphlets as the imperial crisis intensified.  Even more post riders, though not named in newspaper advertisements, may have assumed similar responsibilities, actively promoting sales of such items rather than merely delivering them at the behest of printers and their customers.

November 4

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Connecticut Journal (November 4, 1774).

“The Proceedings of the Continental Congress will shortly be ready for sale at the Printing Office in New Haven.”

William Bradford and Thomas Bradford, the printers of the Pennsylvania Journal in Philadelphia were the first to advertise the Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings of the American Continental Congress after the First Continental Congress adjourned its meeting in the fall of 1774, but other printers in other towns soon hawked their own editions.  A multiplication of copies produced and disseminated throughout the colonies aided in keeping colonizers informed beyond what they read in newspapers or heard from their friends and neighbors.

The Bradfords announced publication of the Extracts on November 2, a week after the First Continental Congress concluded its meeting.  On November 3, John Holt, the printer of the New-York Journal, ran a shorter advertisement to the same effect: “THE PROCEEEDINGS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, With their Letter to the People of QUEBEC, To be sold by the Printer.”  He may have been so occupied with taking the Extracts to press as quickly as possible that he did not focus on crafting an advertisement.  On the other hand, considering the level of interest in the decisions of the delegates, Holt may not have considered an elaborate advertisement necessary to market the pamphlet.  Anne Catharine Green and Son, the printers of the Maryland Gazette in Annapolis, ran their own advertisement that day, though they did not have their edition ready for sale.  Still, they wanted readers to know that it would soon be available: “Now in the press, and speedily will be published, EXTRACTS FROM THE VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTINETNAL CONGRESS.”  They placed their notice immediately after the news, testifying to its consequence.

Thomas Green and Samuel Green, the printers of the Connecticut Journal and New-Haven Post-Boy, also moved quickly to publish an edition of the Extracts.  They inserted a note in the November 4 edition of their newspaper: “The Proceedings of the Continental Congress will shortly be ready for sale at the Printing Office in New Haven.”  It appeared at the bottom of the final column on the third page of that issue.  Printers usually printed the first and fourth pages on one side of a broadsheet and let them dry while they set type for the second and third pages to print on the other side.  That meant that the Greens’ notice about the Extracts would have been the last item added to that edition.  Perhaps they had hoped to have the pamphlet ready for sale by the time the second and third pages of the newspaper went to press, but settled for alerting readers that they could acquire copies soon.  As quickly as they could, the Greens joined other printers in disseminating the political pamphlet far and wide.

November 2

Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update , , , , ,

What was advertised in a colonial American newspaper 250 years ago today?

Pennsylvania Journal (November 2, 1774).

“EXTRACTS FROM THE VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.”

Delegates to the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia from September 5 through October 26, 1774.  When the meetings adjourned, an advertisement for “EXTRACTS FROM THE VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS” appeared in the next issue of the Pennsylvania Journal.  William Bradford and Thomas Bradford, printers of that newspaper, did not merely announce their plans to print the Extracts; they proclaimed that the pamphlet was “JUST PUBLISHED AND TO BE SOLD” at their printing office.  The Extracts hit the presses as soon as the delegates finished their business, providing an overview of “The BILL of RIGHTS; a List of GRIEVANCES; occasional RESOLVES; the ASSOCIATION; an ADDRESS to the People of Great-Britain; and a MEMORIAL to the Inhabitants of the British American Colonies.”

In their coverage of the meetings, the Bradfords promoted the Extracts, simultaneously distributing them as a service to the public and a seeking to generate revenue from their sale.  “On Wednesday last,” they reported, “the AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS broke up, after having passed a Number of spirited Resolves, wrote several Letters, &c. which are printed in a Pamphlet, and may be had of the Printers.”  Just as Thomas Fleet and John Fleet, printers of the Boston Evening-Post, had taken the unusual step of interspersing news and advertising to hawk a publication related to recent meetings in Massachusetts earlier that same week, the Bradfords directed readers who consumed the news to consume a pamphlet they printed as well.  Readers could do more than learn about current events; they could participate in them by purchasing the Extracts, becoming better informed about colonial grievances, and following the directions for boycotting imported goods detailed in the Continental Association.

Such opportunities quickly became available in other places.  The Bradfords had the scoop for the moment, yet other printers soon published and disseminated other editions in Philadelphia and nearly a dozen other towns.  By the end of the year, one or more local editions appeared in Albany; Annapolis; Boston; Hartford; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; New London, Connecticut; Newport, Rhode Island; New York; Norwich, Connecticut; Providence; and Williamsburg, Virginia.  Heinrich Miller, the printer of the Wochentliche Pennsylvanische Staatsbote, also printed a German translation of the Extracts.  This important pamphlet supplemented newspaper coverage by conveniently collating a summary of the First Continental Congress for easy reference.